However, LDCT is associated with high false positive rate (up to 96.4%), this may increase morbidity from unnecessary surgical treatment and also serious psychological burden to the subjects. To solve this problem, LDCT with lower radiation has been applied for imaging of lung. However, it produces unsafe radiations which may increase cancer risk. CT is the current gold standard medical imaging tool for diagnosis of lung disease, which able to study some features of biological objects such as lesion size, morphological lesion characterization, and follow-up of lesion growth. They have some drawbacks, such as, expensive and insufficient sensitivity to detect early-stage cancers. Many medical imaging methods have been intensively investigated for cancer detection, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound. Early diagnosis of cancer is critical, which is expected to contribute significantly to improve the 5-year survival rates.
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths, which has much lower survival rate than other cancers such as breast cancer.
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